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However, it can be found from the existing literature that expanded graphite is an adsorbent with excellent performance, especially because it has a loose porous structure and has a strong adsorption capacity for organic compounds. 1 g of expanded graphite can adsorb 80 g of petroleum, so expanded graphite is designed as an adsorbent for various industrial fats and oils.

Expanded graphite can easily adsorb oils, organic molecules and hydrophobic substances, and has an irreplaceable effect on water environmental protection treatment. When it is used in granular form for water surface degreasing, according to the size of the oil area on the water surface and the different types of oil, its dosage is 1 ~ lo%/rn, and the adsorption time is mainly used to edit

With the gradual breakthrough of problems such as mass production and large size, the pace of industrial application of graphene is accelerating. Based on the existing research results, the first areas to realize commercial application may be mobile equipment, aerospace, new energy battery field.

　　basic research

Graphene has special significance for the basic research of physics, which makes some quantum effects that can only be demonstrated in theory can be verified by experiments. In two-dimensional graphene, the mass of electrons does not seem to exist. This property makes graphene a rare condensed matter that can be used to study relativistic quantum mechanics-because massless particles must move at the speed of light, which must be described by relativistic quantum mechanics. This provides theoretical physicists with a new research direction: some experiments that originally needed to be carried out in giant particle accelerators, it can be done with graphene in a small laboratory.

The semiconductor with zero energy gap is mainly single-layer graphene, and this electronic structure will seriously affect the role of gas molecules on its surface. Compared with bulk graphite, the enhanced surface reactivity of single-layer graphene is shown by the hydrogenation reaction and oxidation reaction results of graphene, which indicates that the electronic structure of graphene can adjust the activity of its surface. In addition, the electronic structure of graphene can be induced by the adsorption of gas molecules, which not only changes the concentration of carriers, but also can be doped with different graphenes. [42]

　　Sensor

Graphene can be made into chemical sensors. This process is mainly completed by the surface adsorption properties of graphene. According to the research of some scholars, the sensitivity of graphene chemical detectors can be compared with the limit of single molecule detection. [43] Graphene's unique two-dimensional structure makes it very sensitive to its surrounding environment. Graphene is an ideal material for electrochemical biosensors, and the sensor made of graphene has good sensitivity in the detection of dopamine and glucose in medicine.

　　Transistor

Graphene can be used to make transistors, and due to the high stability of the graphene structure, such transistors can still work stably on a scale close to a single atom. In contrast, the current transistor made of silicon will lose stability on the scale of about 10 nanometers; the ultra-fast reaction speed of electrons in graphene to the external field makes the transistor made of it reach Extremely high operating frequency. For example, IBM announced in February 2010 that the operating frequency of graphene transistors will be increased to 100GHz, more than the same size of silicon transistors.

The flexible screen at the Consumer Electronics Show has attracted much attention and has become the development trend of mobile device displays in the future. The future market of flexible display is broad, and the prospect of graphene as a basic material is also optimistic. For the first time, South Korea researchers have produced a flexible transparent display composed of multi-layer graphene and glass fiber polyester sheet substrate. Researchers South Korea Samsung and Sungkyunkwan University have created a piece of pure graphene the size of a TV set on a 63cm wide flexible transparent fiberglass polyester plate. They said that this is the largest graphene block so far. They then used the graphene block to create a flexible touch screen. Researchers said that in theory, people could roll up their smartphones and pin them behind their ears like a pencil. [8]

　　New energy battery

New energy batteries are also one of the earliest commercial areas of graphene. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology has successfully developed a flexible photovoltaic panel with a graphene nano-coating on the surface, which can greatly reduce the cost of manufacturing transparent and deformable solar cells. This kind of battery may be used in small digital devices such as night vision goggles and cameras. In addition, the successful research and development of graphene super battery has also solved the problems of insufficient capacity and long charging time of new energy vehicle batteries, and greatly accelerated the development of new energy battery industry. This series of research results paved the way for the application of graphene in the new energy battery industry.

　　seawater desalination

Graphene filters are used more than other desalination technologies. When the graphene oxide film in the water environment is in close contact with water, it can form a channel about 0.9 nanometers wide, and ions or molecules smaller than this size can pass through quickly. The capillary channel size in the graphene film is further compressed by mechanical means, and the pore size is controlled, which can efficiently filter the salt in seawater.

　　hydrogen storage material

Graphene has the advantages of light weight, high chemical stability and high specific surface area, making it the best candidate for hydrogen storage materials.

　　Aerospace

Due to the characteristics of high conductivity, high strength, ultra-thin and light, the application advantages of graphene in the field of aerospace and military industry are also extremely prominent. In 2014, NASA developed a graphene sensor used in the aerospace field, which can detect trace elements in the earth's high-altitude atmosphere and structural defects on spacecraft. Graphene will also play a more important role in potential applications such as ultra-light aircraft materials.

　　photosensitive element

The new photosensitive element with graphene as the material of the photosensitive element is expected to increase the photosensitive capacity by thousands of times compared with the existing CMOS or CCD through a special structure, and the energy consumption is only 10% of the original. It can be applied in the field of monitor and satellite imaging, and can be applied to cameras, smart phones, etc.

Graphene-based composite materials are an important research direction in the field of graphene applications. They have shown excellent performance in the fields of energy storage, liquid crystal devices, electronic devices, biological materials, sensing materials and catalyst carriers, and have broad application prospects. At present, the research of graphene composites mainly focuses on graphene polymer composites and graphene-based inorganic nanocomposites, and with the deepening of the research on graphene, the application of graphene reinforcements in bulk metal matrix composites has attracted more and more attention. Graphene made of multi-functional polymer composites, high-strength porous ceramic materials, enhanced many of the special properties of composite materials.

　　Biological

Graphene has been used to accelerate the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells [47], and has also been used to fabricate epitaxial graphene biosensors on silicon carbide. At the same time, graphene can be used as a neural interface electrode without changing or destroying properties, such as signal strength or scar tissue formation. Graphene electrodes are much more stable in vivo than tungsten or silicon electrodes due to their flexibility, biocompatibility and conductivity. Graphene oxide is very effective in inhibiting the growth of E. coli and does not harm human cells. Can be in 15rain to a few h.